About Varicocele and Varicocele Surgery (Varicocelectomy)
A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum (the loose pouch of skin containing the testicles).
It’s similar to a varicose vein that can occur in the legs.
Varicoceles can:
• Cause pain or heaviness in the scrotum
• Lead to decreased sperm quality or fertility issues
• Result in testicular shrinkage (atrophy)
Varicocelectomy is a surgical procedure to repair these enlarged veins, improving blood flow and preserving testicular function.
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Purpose of the Surgery
Varicocele surgery may be recommended if:
• You have infertility related to poor sperm count or quality.
• There is chronic scrotal pain that doesn’t improve with conservative treatment.
• You experience testicular atrophy or size difference between testicles.
• There are abnormal semen analysis results.
The goal is to seal off or remove the dilated veins, allowing blood to reroute through normal, healthy vessels.
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Types of Varicocelectomy
1. Open Surgery (Microsurgical Varicocelectomy)
• A small incision is made in the lower abdomen or groin.
• Using a microscope, the surgeon precisely identifies and ties off the enlarged veins while protecting arteries and lymph vessels.
• This is the most common and effective method, with a low recurrence rate.
2. Laparoscopic Surgery
• Small incisions are made in the abdomen to insert a camera and instruments.
• The veins are clipped or sealed from inside.
• Usually performed under general anesthesia.
3. Percutaneous Embolization (Non-surgical Option)
• A radiologist inserts a catheter into a vein and blocks the varicocele using coils or agents.
• Minimally invasive, but less commonly performed.
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Pre-Operative Instructions
🔹 1. Before Surgery
• Inform your doctor about all medications, supplements, or allergies.
• Stop blood-thinning drugs (Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Vitamin E, Warfarin) 7–10 days before surgery.
• Do not eat or drink for 8 hours before the procedure (if general anesthesia is used).
• Shave or clean the scrotal and groin area as instructed by your surgeon.
• Arrange for a family member or friend to drive you home after surgery.
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Post-Operative Care
🔹 1. Immediately After Surgery
• The surgery usually lasts 30–60 minutes, and you can go home the same day.
• Mild pain, swelling, or bruising in the groin or scrotum is normal.
• Apply cold compresses (ice packs) for 10–15 minutes every few hours to reduce swelling.
• Wear tight-fitting underwear or a scrotal support to minimize discomfort.
🔹 2. At Home (First Few Days)
• Rest for 24–48 hours, then gradually return to light activity.
• Keep the incision clean and dry; you can shower after 24 hours (avoid baths for 5–7 days).
• Take prescribed pain medication and antibiotics as directed.
• Avoid lifting heavy objects, strenuous exercise, or sexual activity for about 2–4 weeks (as advised by your doctor).
🔹 3. Healing and Recovery
• Most patients can return to work or school within 2–3 days (if work is not physically demanding).
• Minor swelling or tenderness may persist for up to 2 weeks.
• Normal sperm production and fertility improvements can take 3–6 months after surgery.
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When to Contact Your Doctor
Call your doctor immediately if you notice:
• Fever above 38°C (100.4°F)
• Increasing pain, redness, or swelling around the incision
• Pus or foul-smelling drainage from the wound
• Severe scrotal swelling or bleeding
• Difficulty urinating or persistent nausea
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Final Notes
• Varicocelectomy is a safe and effective treatment that can improve both comfort and fertility.
• Follow-up visits are essential to monitor healing and, if needed, perform a repeat semen analysis.
• Maintain excellent hygiene, stay hydrated, and avoid heat exposure (hot baths or saunas) for a few weeks.
• With proper care, most patients recover fully and experience significant improvements in their symptoms and fertility potential.